LEXIS AND COMPANY

 Iranian Legal system The principle of legality of crimes and punishments (nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege) states that an act is not regarded a crime and does not warrant punishment unless the legislator first determines and publishes the criminal title and penalty. Individual security is protected by the legality principle, which ensures basic individual liberties against the state's arbitrary and unlawful intervention. As a result, a criminal court cannot declare an individual's actions to be crimes and assign punishments to them, or impose punishments that are not authorised by the Legislator and are not based on the wording of the law. It is not considered a criminal whether an act is morally rebuked or socially against the public order, and the Legislator is the only authority who may identify such actions as crimes. The Constitution and regular legislation of Iran's legal system, both before and after the Islamic Revolution, have clearly highlighted

  Fast track justice The statement by Justice A.S. Anand, former Chief Justice of India and Chairman of the National Human Rights Commission, that the acquittal decision in the Best Bakery trial by a fast-track court was a "miscarriage of justice," is not limited to that case, but can be applied to the entire mechanism of so-called fast track courts as envisaged by the previous NDA government and now scrapped by the current UPA administration. The state did very little to return justice to its proper 'quick' track, and it is impossible for the average person to appreciate the question of when he would receive ultimate justice in criminal or civil action.  The decision to allow the fast-track courts to close by the end of April, a year earlier than the five-year deadline, by starving them of funds because the Twelfth Finance Commission did not recommend any allocations, will bring the experiment to an end without finding a viable alternative or doing anything to resolv

  Note on Purposive Rule Introduction Purposive construction is a statutory and constitutional interpretation technique in which common law courts read an enactment (that is, a statute or a clause of a constitution) in light of the reason for which it was enacted. The historical source of purposive interpretation is the mischief rule which was established in Heydon's Case. Purposeful interpretation was established as a replacement for the mischief rule, the plain meaning rule, and the golden rule in order to determine instances. Courts utilize deliberate interpretation when they incorporate extraneous materials from the pre-enactment period of legislation, such as early draughts, committee reports, and so on. In the purposive interpretation, the exclusionary rule is disregarded. Purposivism's critics argue that it ignores the legislature's and the court's separation of powers. The legislative is responsible for enacting legislation, while the judiciary is responsible fo

  Literal Rule By: Anjali Tiwari Introduction "Interpretation" is derived from the Latin word "interpretari," which means "to explain or grasp." Every statute must be interpreted by the judge in accordance with its original intent. The goal of interpretation is to figure out what the statute stands for, what problem it is trying to solve, and what remedy it is promoting. The basic principle of statute construction is that words must be construed and comprehended literally. The Literal Rule is the first rule of the judges. The literal rule is also known as the grammatical rule by some lawyers. A judge is required by the literal rule to assess the statute's 'literal' interpretation, that is, it’s clear, unequivocal meaning. The words themselves, it is claimed, best declare the intention of the law-givers. The process by which the courts attempt to identify the Legislature's goal through the authoritative manner in which it is presented is kno

                            INDIAN ENVIORNMENT LAW  INTRODUCTION GOVERNMENT OF INDIA IS DUTY BOUND TO PREVENT THE EXHAUSTIBLE NATURAL RESOURCES FROM GETTING EXHAUSTED IN NNO TIME . INDIAN GOVERNMENT IS ACKNOWLEDGED OF THEIR DUTY TOWARDS THE PROTECTION OF INDIAN RESOURCES , THE GOVERNMENT HAS SERIOUSLY GOTTEN AWARE ABOUT ITS ROLE , THE GOVERNMENT HAS FORMED CERTAIN STATUTES TO PREVENT RESOURCES FROM GETTING EXHAUSTED , LIKE THE E NVIORNMENT PROTECTION ACT 1972 , ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL  AND DEVELOPMEMNT OF WATER ACTS , AIR POLLUTION ACTS AND MANY MORE WHICH ARE AIMED TO PROTECT THE ENVIORNMENT OF THE NATION FROM GETTING SPOILED .  IN THE AGE PRIOR TO THE STOCKHOLM CONVENTION OF THE UNITED NATIONS THERE WERE ONLY CERTAIN LAWS PRESENT IN THE NATION LIKE THE TORTS AND THE PENAL PROVISIONS FOR THE OFFENCES WHICH WERE DIRECTED TOWARDS THE DISRUPTION OF THE ENVIORNMENT .  AFTER THE 1972 STOCKHOLM CONVENTION THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA INSERTED CERTAIN ARTICKLES THROUGH AN AME

  EDUCATION IN INDIA QUICK HISTORY  EDUCATION HAS BEEN ONE IN EVERY OF THE HEAVILY CONTESTED  TOPICS OF DIALOGUE WITHIN THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY DIALOGUE. BESIDES THE FRAMING OF THE PROVISIONS AS MENTIONED WITHIN THE EARLIER CHAPTER, DEBATES WERE ADDITIONALLY PERSEVERED WHETHER OR NOT TO PLACE EDUCATION WITHIN THE PROVINCIAL LIST OR THE CENTRAL LIST. MAULANA ABDUL KALAM AZAD, THE PRIMARY UNION MINISTER OF EDUCATION, POWERFULLY OPPOSED THE THOUGHT OF GOING AWAY EDUCATION WITH THE STATE. THE THOUGHT WAS SUPPORTED BY PANDIT JAWAHARLAL NEHRU UN AGENCY WAS ADDITIONALLY OF THE OPINION THAT BOUND CENTRE WOULD NEED BOUND POWER TO RETAIN SOME UNIFORM COMMONPLACE OF NATIONAL EDUCATION. THE DISCUSSION OVER WITH THE RETENTION OF EDUCATION AT INTERVALS THE PROVINCIAL LIST WITH IN ORDER THAT THE REQUIREMENT OF PROVIDING EDUCATION IN NATIVE LANGUAGE IS MET. AT IDENTICAL TIME ENTRIES CONCERNING INSTRUCTION, TECHNICAL AND SCIENTIFIC EDUCATION WAS PASSED ON TO THE CENTRE TO RETAIN THE NATIONAL COMMONPLA

 Domestic Violence Introduction: Domestic Violence is defined as violence between members of the household, such as spouses. An incident or threatening behavior, violence, or abuse between adults who are or have been intimate partners or family members, regardless of gender or sexuality. It defines behaving in such a manner towards a family member or dating partner that seeks to dominate the relationship. Types of Domestic Violence:  Psychological Domestic Violence – It relates to the mind and behavior or the mental and behavioral characteristics.  Physical Domestic Violence – Human Power can be used, that harms the other partner.  Sexual Domestic Violence - Any sexual activity that is undesired by one participant but forced on them nonetheless, especially when considered to be more sustained or frequent than an incident of sexual assault.  Financial Domestic Violence – It creates financial prensure on one partner from the other partner, due to which the victim can’t express the da